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??? ?????? «In Search of Soviet Gold» ? Littlepage ???????? ??? ??? ? ???????????? «?????????????» ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ?????????????.

????? ???? ??? ???????? «??????????????» ??????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????.

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?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????????.

???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? Littlepage ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? 1931 ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????.

? ????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??? Pyatakov, ??? ??? Littlepage ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????.

? Littlepage ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????????, ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????, ???? ???? ????????? ??? Pyatakov ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????????, ????????? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??? Littlepage ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????.

? Littlepage ???? ??? ?????????.

???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????????????.

???? ???? ?? 1937 ??? ???? ??? ? Pyatakov, ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????, ? Littlepage ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????.

?? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ??? ???????????, ?? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????.

?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? – ????????
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?? Zinoviev, Kamenev, Pyatakov, ? Radek, Tomsky, Bukharin ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????? ? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????,

??????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????.

? ????????, ? ?????????? ??? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ?? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????.

??? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????????, ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????.

? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? Tukhachevsky.

??????? ?? ??? Isaac Deutscher (????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????), ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????, ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ???????????.

? ????????? Tukhachevsky
? ????????? Tukhachevsky

? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??? Deutscher, ??????????? ??? ??? Tukhachevsky ???? ?? ??? Gamarnik, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ???????? Yakir, ???????? ??? ???????????, ?? ???????? Uborevich, ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ???????? Primakov, ???????? ???????.

? ????????? Tukhachevsky ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???, ???? ??? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????.

?? 1930 ?????? 10% ??? ???????? ????????? (????? 4,500) ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.

?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ????.

? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?? ???????????.

?? ??????????? ???? ???????, ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ??????.

??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 1938, ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????????????????? ??? ?????????, ?? ????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????.

???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????????????.

? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????, ? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????.

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???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ??????????.

?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ’30, ???? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????.

?? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????.

????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????, ???????????, ?????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????????.

?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? «???? ??????» ????? ??????? ????????.

?? ???? ????? ????????

????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ? ?????? ??????????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????.

? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? «The Great Terror» ?????? ??? ?? 1937 ??????? 70.000 ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 50% ??? ?????? (15.000 ???????? ????????? ??? 20.000 ??????????) ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????.

?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????, ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???, ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????????.

? ????????? Roger Reese, ???? ??????? ??? «? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????????», ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? 1937-38 ??? ?? ??????.

?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? – ????????
? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????

? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????, ???? 144.300 ?? 1937, ????????? ?? 282.300 ????? ?? 1939.

???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? 1937-38, 34.300 ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????.

????? ??? ???? ??? 1940, ?????????, 11.596 ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????.

???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? 1937-38, ?????????????? 22.705 ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? (13.000 ???????? ???????????? ?????????, 4.700 ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? 5.000 ????????? ??????????),

?? ?????? ?????????? ??? 7,7% ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? 50% ???? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????.

??? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ????????, ???? ? ?????? ??????????, ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???.

??? ????????? ???????.

???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 1937-38;

?? ?????????? ?.?. ?? ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????????.

??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ????????, ??? Joseph Davies, ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.

????? ??? ??????

? Joseph Davies ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????.

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? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????, ????????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ????????????.

?? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????.

?? ?????, ???? ??? ?????, ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????, ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????.

???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????. ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????.

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?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????, ? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????? 70 ???, ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????????.

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?????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????, ?????????????? ??, ?? ???? ????????.

???? ????? ?????????????? ??????, ???????????????????, ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????????.

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?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????!

???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????, ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????.

Mario Sousa,
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????: Mariossousa.se

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